கிறிஸ்துவ மதத் தொன்மக் கதைகளை விமர்சித்தவர்களை உயிரோடு எரிப்பதே சர்ச் வரலாறு

List of people burned as heretics

This is a list of people burned after being deemed heretics by different Christian Churches. The list does not attempt to encompass the list of those executed by burning for other reasons (such as victims of witch hunts or other persecutions). The Catholic Encyclopedia states that "with the formal recognition of the Church by the State and the increase of ecclesiastical penalties proportioned to the increase of ecclesiastical offences, came an appeal from the Church to the secular arm for aid in enforcing the said penalties, which aid was always willingly granted...deviations from the Catholic Faith, were by the State made punishable in civil law and secular penalties were attached to them."^[1] Canon 3 of the Ecumenical Fourth Council of the Lateran, 1215 required secular authorities to "exterminate in the territories subject to their jurisdiction all heretics" pointed out by the Catholic Church,^[2] resulting in the inquisitor executing certain people accused of heresy. Some laws allowed the civil government to employ punishment.^[3] After they were convicted by the Church, they were turned over to the local government for execution because of religious restrictions that kept ecclesial clergy from actually carrying out the executions.^{[citation needed]}

During the Leipzig Debate prior to his ex-communication, then-Catholic priest Martin Luther made commentary against the morality of burning heretics to death. His position was summarized as "Haereticos comburi est contra voluntatem Spiritus" (It is contrary to the Spirit to burn heretics).^[4] As such, it was one of the statements specifically censured in the 1520 papal bull Exsurge Domine.^[5] When he failed to accept the bull and give a broad recantation of his writings, he was excommunicated in the subsequent 1521 papal bull Decet Romanum Pontificem.

 

 

 

 

 

Burning of Jan Hus in Constance, 1415                   Burning of the Templars, 1314

 

Pre-Reformation Roman Catholic Europe

• Saavedra from the tribe of Levi, burned at the stake in 1511 for reverting back to Sephardim.
• Priscillian Executed in 385
• Ramihrdus of Cambrai (1076 or 1077) (lynched)
• Peter of Bruys († 1130) (lynched)
• Gerard Segarelli († 1300)
• Fra Dolcino († 1307) (never tried by Catholic Church), Italy
• Marguerite Porete († 1310), Paris, France
• Botulf Botulfsson († 1311), the only known person executed for heresy in Sweden
• Jacques de Molay (1243–1314), burned after conviction by a tribunal under the control of King Philip IV of France, Paris, France
• Geoffroi de Charney († 1314), burned with Jacques de Molay above, Paris, France.
• Guilhèm Belibasta († 1321), last Cathar, Villerouge-Termenès, France
• Cecco d'Ascoli († 1327), Florence, Italy
• Na Prous Boneta († 1328)
• William Sawtre († 1401), Smithfield, London, England
• John Badby († 1410), Smithfield, London, England
• Jan Hus (1371–1415), Constance, Germany
• Jerome of Prague (1365–1416)
• William Taylor († 1423), Smithfield, London, England
• Joan of Arc (1412–1431), Trial of Joan of Arc, Rouen, France
• Thomas Bagley († 1431), Smithfield, London, England
• Pavel Kravař († 1433)
• Joan Boughton († 1494), Smithfield, London, England
• Girolamo Savonarola, Domenico da Pascia, and Silvestro Maruffi(† 1498), Florence, Italy (hanged and then burned)